Azelaic acid stands out in the world of organic compounds as a dicarboxylic acid, with the molecular formula C9H16O4 and a unique aliphatic backbone. Many folks in the chemical industry recognize it by its HS Code 29171300, marking it as a key raw material in an array of applications. At room temperature, azelaic acid often takes a solid form with a crystalline structure, usually found as white, snow-like flakes or a fine powder. Its molecular weight sits at 188.22 g/mol. This versatility shows up in its availability, from powder and flakes to pearls and even liquid solutions—each type serving its specific function in formulations.
Talking about properties, azelaic acid melts at about 106.5°C and boils at roughly 286°C under atmospheric pressure. With a density of 1.225 g/cm³ at 20°C, this compound packs a respectable weight for its size, which I’ve found helpful when calculating dosages for industrial and laboratory uses. Its solubility profile leans on the moderate side in water but increases in hot water, ethanol, and glycols. This makes it quite a flexible raw material for those making formulations that demand different dispersion rates or solubility in solvents. In the physical sense, azelaic acid doesn’t just sit in one form. The material appears as fine crystalline powder, solid chunks, or softly shimmering pearls, and sometimes scientists use concentrated solutions for efficient dosing or controlled release. Each form comes with its own handling considerations—a powder will disperse easily, but a solid chunk needs more processing energy.
Structurally, azelaic acid boasts a straight-chain arrangement, with nine carbon atoms acting like a backbone, capped at both ends by carboxylic acid groups. Chemists value this symmetrical structure when they modify it for use in polymer chemistry, surface treatments, or specialty esters. Because of that structure, it fits neatly into a wide spectrum of material sciences. In my own handling, I’ve noticed that the crystalline solid will stay stable under normal storage. There’s no need for refrigeration—just dry, tightly closed containers keep it at its best. In pearls or flakes, static can sometimes be an issue, but grounding the workspace takes care of that.
Products that include azelaic acid often show up in cosmetic creams, medical gels, and even as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticizers or alkyd resins. Many dermatologists turn to it for its mild keratolytic action, using it to fight acne thanks to antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Its role as a chemical raw material also stretches to the polymer and lubricant industries, reflecting the compound’s broad utility. Yet, safety stands as an essential part of the conversation. Hazards take a low profile here, but prolonged or careless handling can irritate the skin and eyes or create mild respiratory discomfort. The material isn’t classified as acutely toxic or highly hazardous, though it’s wise to work in a ventilated space and to use gloves and goggles. Sometimes the dust released during transfers or grinding might tickle the nose or throat, a reminder that even relatively safe chemicals demand respect on the bench or in the plant.
Industrial buyers and researchers look for specifications like purity—typically over 99% for pharmaceutical or personal care applications. Key details such as melting range, water content, and residue on ignition establish whether a batch meets the needs of the sector. I’ve run tests where the crystal habit determines its suitability in reaction scaling or for consistency in blending. Some industries lean on the liquid or solution forms, especially where dosing accuracy in high-throughput production lines saves time and minimizes dust exposure for operators. Large-scale containers, from drums to intermediate bulk containers, allow for measured transfers and safer handling.
Azelaic acid carries a reputation as a biodegradable and relatively non-persistent chemical. Regulations worldwide do not mark it as harmful to the environment when handled with normal industrial diligence. The raw material's low volatility and limited aquatic toxicity add to its positive safety profile, making it a preferred ingredient when chemical producers select greener alternatives for synthesis pathways. Most shipping labels mark it as a non-hazardous good under international transit rules. Any risks grow from uncontrolled spillage or poor disposal, which is why containment measures and waste protocols deserve attention. Manufacturers and shippers rely on the HS Code for customs clearance and reporting, using the code as a global language for safe and efficient movement across borders.
End users occasionally run into clumping with the powdered form during humid months, an issue solved by airtight packaging and silica desiccant tiles. Static charges slow down transfers with pearls or flakes, so anti-static tools make handling easier. In manufacturing, blockages from improper dissolution arise in large-scale mixers—staggered addition and pre-wetting the solid in a compatible liquid limit this risk. As for user safety, routine refresher training and straightforward labeling serve as simple fixes that keep workplace incidents rare. For environmental safety, plant waste water sometimes gets filtered through activated carbon to catch any stray particles before discharge.
Azelaic acid presents a unique blend of properties, structure, and versatility. With clear, well-defined safety practices and technical specifications, this material plays a central role from cosmetic products to industrial manufacturing. Watching for handling quirks and remaining mindful of both human and environmental safety turns this valuable chemical into a reliable material with enduring importance.
