1,5-Dibromopentane carries the molecular formula C5H10Br2, falling under the category of alkyl dihalides. Many researchers and manufacturers recognize it for its distinct structure—five carbon atoms forming a straight chain with bromine atoms bonded at both terminal carbons. This molecular configuration sets the stage for unique reactivity, especially in organic synthesis where bifunctionality allows more than one pathway. The compound commonly appears as a clear liquid, sometimes with a faint yellow tint, showing up in laboratories and production environments that handle intermediates for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. Density ranges near 1.6 g/cm³ at room temperature, a reflection of the presence of heavy bromine atoms that stack up the mass despite the simple alkane backbone. Boiling point sits around 240°C, making thermal handling considerably easier compared to lighter haloalkanes that evaporate quickly.
Pure 1,5-dibromopentane usually presents itself in a liquid form at standard environmental conditions. Unlike some halogenated organics which come as powders, crystals, or beads, it rarely forms solid flakes or pearls unless cooled well below room temperature. Its viscosity feels noticeably thicker than water, and the molecule doesn’t carry an intense odor—a feature appreciated in smaller, less ventilated lab settings. Chemical supply companies often package it in amber glass bottles or high-density polyethylene containers to avoid interaction with light and moisture, safeguarding its stability. The specific gravity and vapor pressure require attention—spill management separates careful handling from a hazardous situation in small or large-scale environments.
The structure offers significant versatility. Both terminal bromine atoms unlock a range of transformations as they react readily with nucleophiles. In synthetic chemistry, this means a single molecule can serve as a backbone for building rings, linking molecules, or inserting functional groups. Chemists take full advantage of the reactivity of the bromoalkyl groups to create cyclic amines (through diamines), or to build polyethers, which form the skeleton for many drugs and specialty materials. Substitution reactions with 1,5-dibromopentane often yield impressive product purity, a reason for its popularity in academic research and scale-up procedures. Careful attention to reaction temperature and solvents keeps runaway reactions at bay.
Most users see the compound as a dependable raw material for the synthesis of macrocycles, polymers, and pharmaceutical intermediates. The bifunctional reactivity of the two bromine atoms allows for cross-linking or stepwise functionalization, providing a platform for chemical diversity. In polymer chemistry, manufacturers can control chain length and backbone flexibility by selecting 1,5-dibromopentane over shorter or longer analogs. Downstream products from this starting material include specialty resins, insecticides, corrosion inhibitors, and ligands for metal chelation. Each of these builds from the reliable and consistent reactivity rooted in well-defined molecular structure and physical state. Importers and exporters refer to its HS Code during trade—tracking is critical for tariff classification and regulatory compliance.
Handling 1,5-dibromopentane comes with the baseline respect required for all brominated organics. Contact with skin and eyes brings risk of irritation. Inhalation of vapors presents respiratory hazards, making ventilation from fume hoods or local exhaust a firm requirement in confined workspaces. Waste management falls under hazardous chemical protocols; both the chemical and any contaminated containers need compliant disposal, avoiding fines or long-term environmental impacts. The global regulatory landscape assigns a hazardous symbol, largely due to possible long-term health effects and aquatic toxicity. Safety data sheets detail these risks and guide storage—in a cool, dry space, distant from strong bases, oxidants, or open flames. GHS pictograms and clearly visible warning statements appear on every compliant label. Sometimes, the chemistry bench gets overlooked in the excitement of a new synthesis. From personal experience, the right gloves and splash-proof goggles save a lot of regret.
Decisions around sourcing and use go beyond the label or the datasheet. A responsible approach tracks not just cost per liter or kilogram but also purity (often better than 98%), batch-to-batch consistency, shelf life, and compatibility with other production inputs. Customer support from reliable suppliers makes a huge difference—especially when scaling up, trouble-shooting an unexpected impurity, or securing extra safety documentation for regulatory audits. Working with chemicals like 1,5-dibromopentane means facing the push-pull tension between innovation and compliance. My time on both research and production lines suggests that transparency with safety procedures, regular training, and communication between teams create predictable results and fewer accidents. Oversight on waste disposal, secondary containment for bulk storage, and accurate spill response protocols keep operations running cleanly and within environmental limits.
Every chemical presents risks, but practical steps cut them dramatically. Closed-transfer systems limit vapor release and user exposure. Secondary containment, such as spill trays and bunded storage, prevent widespread contamination if a bottle breaks or a drum leaks. Routine inspection of storage areas and proper labeling cut confusion and stop accidental mixing. For laboratories, integrating solvent recovery or on-site neutralization recycles valuable chemicals while reducing hazardous waste output. In production facilities, automated piping with integrated scrubbers or carbon filters cleans process air before it leaves the work zone. Safety doesn’t have to slow down chemistry—training drills, clear signage, and ready access to emergency gear keep every operator on the same page. Industry partnerships and government agencies supply guidelines and technical documentation, supporting the safe, responsible handling of 1,5-dibromopentane in real-world environments.
Molecular Formula: C5H10Br2
Structure: Linear five-carbon chain, bromine atoms at carbons 1 and 5
Appearance: Transparent liquid, colorless to faint yellow
Density: Approximately 1.6 g/cm³ at 20°C
Boiling Point: 240°C (464°F)
HS Code: Classified under 2903.69 for international trade
Chemical Category: Organobromide raw material
Safe Storage: Cool, dry, ventilated area; seal tightly
Hazardous Classification: Irritant, possibly harmful if swallowed or inhaled, toxic to aquatic organisms
Material Forms: Commercially found as a liquid; does not form stable flakes or pearls without unusual conditions
Reactivity: Undergoes nucleophilic substitution, supports ring-closing and cross-linking reactions
