Dioctyl Maleate traces back to a period where chemists searched for new ways to introduce flexibility and durability in everyday materials. Industrial labs in the early and mid-20th century pushed boundaries to design plasticizers and co-monomers, especially as polymer chemistry exploded. Dioctyl Maleate emerged out of these practical needs, not just as a byproduct but as a bridge between innovation in plastics and real-world applications. Its legacy intertwines with advances in coatings, adhesives, and construction materials, reflecting decades of chemical engineering know-how applied to products people rely on daily.
Looking at Dioctyl Maleate, clear liquid stands out straight away. It brings flexibility and resilience into countless products, particularly as an additive or blending monomer. Its ability to connect with other molecules supports the creation of polymers with very particular mechanical properties: impact resistance, improved texture, water resistance. Scrutinizing consumer goods, paints, and modern sealants, you often see its touch, usually behind the scenes, creating value far beyond its mass in the final material.
Chemical structure matters more than appearance in the lab. Dioctyl Maleate carries the maleate backbone—C8H16O4—coupled with octyl chains that inject flexibility into otherwise brittle plastics. The material stays clear and viscous at room temperature, carrying a mild ester-like odor. Its boiling point sits above 200°C, and the flash point sits well above common working temperatures, which counts for safety. It dissolves nicely in many organic liquids, opening doors to many formulations in inks and dispersions. The double bonds leave opportunities open for polymerization, making it a favorite when manufacturers want to tailor-fit materials for specific industrial outcomes.
Dioctyl Maleate usually comes with tight purity requirements—often above 99%—to prevent polymerization hiccups. Labels stick closely to global chemical standards, with details about content, flash point, freezing point, and even minor impurities flagged due to the high sensitivity of downstream applications. For shipping and storage, containers get marked for Class 9 substances (miscellaneous dangerous goods), while safety data sheets stress the right PPE, spill containment steps, and reaction risks. I’ve seen regulatory agencies demand batch-specific compliance, with barcodes tagging every drum for traceability, in case of recalls or investigations into product quality issues farther down the chain.
Producing Dioctyl Maleate often starts with maleic anhydride reacting with 2-ethylhexanol in the presence of acidic catalysts. Chemists heat, stir, and strip water out as the esters form—a classic esterification approach. Through careful temperature control and removal of water produced during the reaction, yield goes up and side reactions drop. Downstream, purification steps filter out unreacted alcohols and acid residues, giving the clean product industry expects. Engineers continue to refine the process, aiming for higher efficiency and fewer emissions.
Dioctyl Maleate acts as an eager participant in copolymerization, especially with vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, and acrylates. These reactions create polymers that become water-resistant films, sealants, and tough adhesives. The double bond in the maleate group wants to react with free radicals under UV or peroxide catalysts, anchoring itself into long chains and giving flexibility where base monomers fall short. Modifying the alkyl chains or maleate group broadens the functionality in newer blends, challenging researchers to balance properties like weatherability, migration resistance, and compatibility with other plasticizers.
Anyone seeking Dioctyl Maleate in trade knows a barrage of names: DOM, bis(2-ethylhexyl) maleate, di(2-ethylhexyl) maleate, and even more obscure catalog numbers across regions. Producers brand their products—one company’s DOM may tout extra purification, while another might focus on supply chain guarantees. This variety can trip up buyers unprepared for the language of global chemistry commerce.
Workplaces handling Dioctyl Maleate follow careful science-based routines: good ventilation, closed systems where possible, skin and eye protection worn always. Most regulations don’t allow short-cuts. Mistakes—spills, skin exposure—call for rapid cleanup with inert absorbents and proper disposal in sealed containers labeled correctly. Regular health training keeps teams focused on recognizing mild symptoms of overexposure: skin irritation, eye discomfort. Regulatory bodies have clear workplace exposure limits rooted in research on chronic exposure risks, which keeps companies vigilant. Fire safety teams focus on managing accidental releases and ensuring no open flames near storage tanks.
You see the value of Dioctyl Maleate most in industries where flexibility, adhesion, and weather resistance make or break a product. It functions in water-based coatings for architecture, protective films around electronic cables, and as a way to boost the performance of flexible PVC in flooring and medical tubing. The notable shift to waterborne systems reflects tightening emission rules across North America, Europe, and Asia. Some specialty producers use DOM to make pressure-sensitive adhesives, which turn up in labels and double-sided tapes found in every office supply drawer. In the personal care market, small amounts end up in nail polishes to deliver a smooth, flexible finish.
R&D teams focus on improving the environmental profile of Dioctyl Maleate, driven by legislation and greener manufacturing demands. Breakthroughs in catalyst chemistry give higher yields and lower waste, with ongoing projects looking at biobased feedstocks in response to oil price spikes and carbon footprint demands. Polymer scientists dig into how DOM interacts with different plastic matrices, seeking ways to lower migration (bleeding out of plasticizers over time) for critical sectors like food packaging and healthcare. Academic labs dig deeper into the molecular structure, simulating reactions for next-gen copolymer designs. The pace of innovation keeps rising, as customers ask for safer, more sustainable options.
Studies spanning decades cover Dioctyl Maleate’s health effects. Researchers focus on both acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposure. Acute contact with skin or eyes can cause mild irritation; respiratory exposure, if vapor concentrations climb, may cause headaches or throat discomfort. Animal studies show low bioaccumulation and fast metabolism, lowering risk compared with more persistent substances like phthalates. Regulators monitor for reproductive and developmental toxicity, particularly as occupational exposure and environmental leaks remain concerns. Toxicologists track impurities or breakdown products, flagging any new risks as manufacturing processes evolve. The shift to greener chemistry continues to lessen hazardous residues in the finished material, making today's DOM safer than older batches.
Looking ahead, the role of Dioctyl Maleate will keep changing with demand for sustainable chemistry. Biobased routes and closed-loop recycling promise to bring down the carbon footprint of conventional plasticizers and monomers. Companies push hard for formulas that meet new safety and performance benchmarks, especially where legislation zeroes in on phthalates and persistent organic pollutants. Researchers are working on ways to build DOM from renewable sources, meeting both customer and regulatory calls for lower environmental impact. Emerging applications in medical polymers, energy storage, and specialty adhesives open up new markets, with the biggest future gains tied to addressing safety, sustainability, and performance at every step from synthesis to end-use.
People in manufacturing circles recognize Dioctyl Maleate, or DOM, as more than just a chemical with a technical name. I’ve seen how it serves as a problem-solver in coatings and plastics. The appeal comes from its flexibility: DOM works well with different materials that need to stay soft and flexible rather than brittle or stiff. I’ve talked to folks in factories who appreciate DOM for exactly this reason. When they need to make products like vinyl floor tiles or flexible PVC films, using DOM adds the bend and stretch those products demand.
Some might be surprised to learn how often DOM is hidden in plain sight. Companies blend it into adhesives and sealants, which hold together everything from construction supplies to your kitchen counter. Without it, those glue lines might crack sooner or lose their grip in hot or cold weather. I know a flooring installer who swears that floors last longer when manufacturers use DOM-based vinyl. It turns out that DOM helps the tiles flex slightly, reducing splits and extending the floor’s lifespan.
In paints and coatings, DOM stands out. Once, I painted my porch with an outdoor finish containing DOM. The surface stayed smooth spring after spring, shrugging off chips and splinters. The paint flexed instead of peeling, even as the wood expanded and contracted through rain and sun. Here, DOM works as a co-monomer, shaping how acrylic emulsion polymers act. The science comes down to small changes, but the effect lasts for years and saves touch-up costs.
Decades ago, many product makers skipped the costs of flexible agents. Rigid plastics and fragile finishes failed fast, leading to more waste and shorter product cycles. As companies look toward sustainability, DOM steps up as part of the answer. Soft plastics from DOM take longer to wear out, which means less plastic ending up in landfills. I’ve met engineers who focus on reducing chemical leaching. DOM’s chemical structure resists breaking down as quickly, so products that use it stay safer for longer.
Prices for specialty chemicals sometimes spike, pressuring manufacturers. When buyers look to cut corners, it’s easy to swap in weaker alternatives. I’ve watched this play out: a friend’s business once picked cheaper softeners in their adhesive, and the seams failed within months. Making smart material choices doesn’t just mean thinking about what works best in the factory; it means taking the long view on durability, cost, and impact on the environment.
Better safety and more resilient products call for testing at every step. Regulatory rules keep growing tighter, especially for chemicals with health questions. Manufacturers need to stick with suppliers who provide clean, well-documented DOM that meets these standards. I’ve learned from those who take shortcuts—eventually, it means recalls or liability worries. The companies faring best work openly with regulators, ensure traceability, and invest in safe disposal methods for any leftover DOM. That builds trust, not just with customers, but with the neighbors living near manufacturing sites.
Dioctyl Maleate plays a bigger role in finished goods than most realize. Its place in coatings, flooring, adhesives, and more shows how practical chemistry shapes daily life. By choosing proven ingredients, companies build longer-lasting products and hold up the promise of safer living environments. There’s still work to do, especially when it comes to environmental impact. Progress comes from demanding top-quality chemicals, clear labeling, and rigorous oversight from start to finish.
Dioctyl maleate often finds its way into everyday products, from adhesives in household items to coatings and sealants used in construction. Chemically, it’s an ester derived from the reaction of maleic anhydride and 2-ethylhexanol. The resulting clear, oily liquid not only has an appealing soft odor but also brings a surprising versatility to the table.
One thing you’ll notice straight away is how Dioctyl maleate pours — less like water and more like an oil with a slight viscosity. At room temperature, it forms a clear, colorless liquid. It sticks to a density near 0.94 g/cm³. With a boiling point above 180°C and a flash point near 170°C, it doesn’t evaporate quickly or catch fire easily under normal conditions. It does not mix well with water, so you won’t see it dissolving into your average spill. Instead, it blends seamlessly with organic solvents like alcohol, ether, or chloroform, making it a favorite for industrial mixing and solution-making.
My past experience making art materials taught me that anything used in a paint or coating process needs to hold up when mixed with other chemicals. Dioctyl maleate’s ability to remain stable, resist crystallization, and flow at lower temperatures gives formulators confidence during cold weather or long storage periods.
The ester groups in Dioctyl maleate set it apart. Chemists like me see plenty of esters, but not all offer the double bond found in its maleate backbone. This point offers a gateway for chemical reactions — especially copolymerization. In simpler terms, the molecule gets stitched into longer chains with other building blocks to make plastics, binders, and flexible films. For folks working in plastics or latex manufacturing, this is big news, since it delivers flexibility and softness to otherwise brittle products.
Dioctyl maleate doesn’t just sit idle. Under the right conditions, it reacts readily with other unsaturated compounds. Take vinyl acetate — together, they form polymers that see use in paints or textile finishes. This action rests on the reactivity of the maleate group, which easily finds chemical partners during manufacturing. The balance here means more flexible, stretchable, and wear-resistant surfaces, thanks to the dioctyl chains softening the structure.
Working around Dioctyl maleate, you learn to respect its physical and chemical traits. Factory settings keep it sealed tight to avoid skin or eye contact. Its low volatility doesn’t mean zero risk, since inhaling vapor regularly could cause issues. Always don gloves and goggles — there’s no replacement for basic Personal Protective Equipment in chemical workspaces. Companies comply with safety protocols because accidents lead to downtime and health hazards.
Regulators keep a close eye on esters like these, especially where leaching and environmental impact matter. Negligent disposal could harm waterways, so waste must enter treatment cycles, never down the drain. Some plant managers have started using onsite purification methods, turning used material into secondary products to cut costs and shrink environmental footprints.
Sustainable chemistry keeps coming up in my lab. People experiment with bio-based alcohols or maleic acid derived from renewable sources. These steps aim to keep the function of Dioctyl maleate without relying solely on petrochemicals. Industry efforts change slowly, since new feedstocks have to match performance and meet the same safety standards.
In a world chasing safer, greener chemicals, nothing replaces paying attention to every property — from how something pours, to how it reacts, to where it finally ends up after use. Dioctyl maleate shows that chemistry’s not just about formulas, but about finding smarter ways to solve safety and sustainability challenges every day.
Dioctyl maleate often appears in labs and factories as a staple ingredient for plasticizers, coatings, and adhesives. Manufacturers know it for helping plastics stay flexible. Workers might not give much thought to it, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t carry a shadow of risk. Breathing in its vapors or letting it touch the skin isn’t the same as dealing with plain water. Like with many chemicals, the risk lies in how you handle it, and in how much you let it get into your body.
Anyone who’s spent time near chemical tanks or mixing stations knows there’s always some level of caution. Labels on drums often warn about skin and eye irritation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that contact can cause redness and discomfort. A mask, gloves, and proper ventilation become the routine, not because folks love gear, but because the risk is real. I remember a friend getting a slight chemical burn after a spill; quick rinsing helped, but the sting left him a believer in protective gear. The chemical doesn’t eat through steel, but that doesn’t mean it treats skin kindly.
Concerns stretch beyond spilled drops and irritated hands. Chronic exposure, even at low levels, raises the possibility of respiratory troubles or skin sensitivity. The Environmental Protection Agency places emphasis on minimizing repeated contact, and rightly so. Chronic exposure over time remains a weak link in many safety programs. No one wants to find out years later that a lax approach cost them their health. This matters for anyone packing, pouring, or even fixing a leaky line where the substance lingers.
According to the European Chemicals Agency, data on dioctyl maleate toxicity doesn’t set off the alarms as loudly as mercury or formaldehyde. There’s no evidence for cancer risk or reproductive harm at normal workplace levels. That provides some comfort. Still, broad medical studies remain limited. Real-world safety depends not only on individual substances, but also on the chemical cocktails created during manufacturing. One expert at a regulatory conference put it best: “No substance is harmless; it’s all about concentration and exposure.” Most material safety data lists dioctyl maleate as an irritant, not a poison.
Companies hold the power and duty to set up proper training and control measures. This falls in line with regulations set by OSHA and global equivalents. Providing ventilation, emergency showers, spill kits, and routine medical checks doesn’t stem from over-cautiousness. These measures grow from decades of mistake-filled history in industry. Open discussion, honest safety meetings, and proper record-keeping form the backbone of a workplace that won’t gamble with health. Skimping on precautions to save a buck today risks much more tomorrow.
Innovation won’t wait for anyone, so the industry keeps searching for safer alternatives. Some researchers explore eco-friendlier plasticizers and greener chemistries that lower health risks for both workers and communities near factories. Cleaner production and closed systems help cut down on fugitive emissions. Lab techs track air and water quality, making sure nothing gets out of hand. From my perspective, encouragement for better engineering solutions, frequent retraining, and strict accountability stays necessary in every place where chemicals play a part.
Working around chemicals brings back memories of long shifts in manufacturing, where one careless moment could upend a whole week of safe operations. Dioctyl Maleate, used for plasticizers and coatings, demands the same respect. Its clear liquid form does not scream danger, but experience tells us that appearances rarely tell the whole story. Every chemical on the floor deserves clear rules, so accidents don’t leave anyone wishing they’d read a safety sheet more closely.
A liquid at room temperature, Dioctyl Maleate’s low volatility increases storage flexibility, but that can also lead to slow evaporation—more exposure time for spills and splashes to do harm. Even though you can’t smell it strongly, inhalation, skin, and eye contact pose enough risk to justify gloves, goggles, and long sleeves. Engineering controls like local exhaust ventilation make a difference, reducing airborne concentrations before they become a problem for workers.
Solid experience teaches that a well-chosen storage area outperforms the fanciest chemical inventory system. Dioctyl Maleate deserves a spot away from heat, ignition sources, or any metal shelves that could corrode if spills occur. Closed metal drums or high-density polyethylene containers block oxygen and water, keeping quality stable. Moisture sneaks in everywhere, so sacks of desiccant or air-tight seals cut contamination before it gets a chance to react inside the drum.
Good labeling saves confusion on busy days. I’ve seen near-mistakes from identical barrels missing clear signs, so chemical names, hazard warnings, and handling details always sit front and center on good containers. Storage far from food or incompatible materials—especially oxidizing agents and acids—prevents avoidable messes and headaches later.
Nobody likes cleaning up chemical spills, particularly when others cut corners. Absorbent pads and spill kits should never gather dust. Dioctyl Maleate needs rapid cleanup: soak up, seal in approved waste drums, and ventilate the area to cut inhalation risks. Eye wash stations and showers within reach of the work zone come in handy more times than you’d guess, especially when gloves rip or goggles slip. Every manager and worker benefits from running drills—they keep panic from creeping in if something actually happens.
Comfort comes from knowing everyone on shift understands the risks. Regular safety training, built on real accident records and updated MSDS information, increases vigilance. Not a single veteran worker I’ve known liked surprise audits, but inspections always uncovered weak spots. Scheduled reviews of storage areas and handling procedures snag small problems before they grow.
Smarter storage grows from feedback and learning. Digital checklists and barcodes for inventory help track use and spot leaks sooner. Buddy systems, where workers cross-check each other’s gear and handling, cut complacency and strengthen accountability. Investing in the right tools—drum pumps for transfer, sealed wrenches, proper PPE—costs less than downtime or lawsuits after an incident.
In the end, storing and handling Dioctyl Maleate isn’t about ticking boxes for compliance. It comes down to the people on the floor: keeping their health intact, protecting the company’s reputation, and making sure families can count on seeing them home every night. Experience proves careful habits pay off, one clean shift after another.
Dioctyl Maleate pops up more often in daily life than most people realize. Sure, at first glance it might seem like just another chemical name, but behind that label lies a helping hand for all sorts of products we depend on. Companies turn to dioctyl maleate mainly as a plasticizer and a key ingredient for certain chemical reactions, but its reach doesn't stop there.
If you ever picked up a can of house paint or a bucket of wall primer, chances are good that dioctyl maleate played a part in giving those coatings their flexibility and durability. It gets mixed in to help paints stretch over time, fight cracking, and stick better to surfaces. That flexibility holds up even if temperatures swing up or down, which can be a real test for coatings out in the wild—sun baking during the day, cold air at night. The chemical’s impact rings out most in vinyl copolymer dispersions, the very backbone of hundreds of paint products.
The right adhesive needs to cling tightly yet bend with the stuff it’s holding together. Dioctyl maleate steps in here, especially in pressure-sensitive adhesives. Open any package with a shipping label or try to pry up most stickers, and there’s a fair chance dioctyl maleate helped that label hang on. The chemical gives glue the flexibility it needs to move without losing strength, especially important in tapes and labels facing lots of pulls and tugs over their lives.
Walk into a room with fancy curtains or buy clothes made for breathability, and again, dioctyl maleate probably played a role. Textile companies lean on vinyl copolymers containing dioctyl maleate to finish fabrics for softness and performance. It adds that bit of stretch or smoothness that lasts through dozens of washes, making materials easier to sew or process and more comfortable to wear.
Chemists use dioctyl maleate to build better stuff from the molecular ground up. They often rely on it as a building block for making maleate esters and copolymers—think custom plastics, additives, or complex resins. In some cases, you’ll spot it in lubricants, surfactants, or agents that keep dust from flying in production plants. Each of these uses can shape a product’s feel, how it lasts, and even its safety level. In plastics, dioctyl maleate remains crucial for making PVC and similar products more flexible. Without it, many PVC applications would turn brittle and snap under pressure.
Factories use chemicals like dioctyl maleate at scale, so good health and environmental habits have to guide every step. Safe handling and choice of responsibly sourced raw materials matter. Regulators keep an eye on workplace exposure and waste disposal to protect workers and local communities. Companies are reviewing formulas as consumers and industries push for greener options. The next era might see hybrids or bio-based alternatives step in, but dioctyl maleate remains widespread for now, thanks to its proven record. The industry’s challenge is to balance high performance with safety—not just cost-cutting. Every time folks buy paint, tape, or fabric, these choices echo all the way back to what’s happening in the lab.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | di(octyl) (Z)-but-2-enedioate |
| Other names |
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) maleate
Di(2-ethylhexyl) maleate DOM Maleic acid dioctyl ester Dioctyl maleate ester |
| Pronunciation | /daɪˈɒk.tɪl məˈleɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 142-16-5 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1916076 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:81773 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2081238 |
| ChemSpider | 21548 |
| DrugBank | DB14053 |
| ECHA InfoCard | EC: 204-214-7 |
| EC Number | 204-211-0 |
| Gmelin Reference | 85661 |
| KEGG | C21107 |
| MeSH | D004088 |
| PubChem CID | 12416 |
| RTECS number | OP1400000 |
| UNII | 5Z7UB7S1K9 |
| UN number | UN3082 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID6020829 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C20H36O4 |
| Molar mass | The molar mass of Dioctyl Maleate (DOM) is **340.52 g/mol**. |
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow transparent oily liquid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.943 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 3.2 |
| Vapor pressure | <0.1 mmHg (20°C)> |
| Acidity (pKa) | 6.24 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 6.6 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.04×10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.444 - 1.448 |
| Viscosity | 15-20 mPas |
| Dipole moment | 2.88 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 589.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -726 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -9708.6 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | A06AA13 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P501 |
| Flash point | > 193 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 370°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): 8,200 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Rat oral >10,000 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | Not Listed |
| REL (Recommended) | 15~25°C |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Dioctyl fumarate
Diisooctyl maleate Dimethyl maleate Diethyl maleate Dibutyl maleate |