Product Name: 1,4-Butanediol
Chemical Formula: C4H10O2
Synonyms: Butane-1,4-diol; Tetramethylene glycol; 1,4-Tetramethylenediol
CAS Number: 110-63-4
Recommended Use: Industrial solvent; chemical intermediate; manufacturing plastics
Manufacturer Contact: Safety and technical inquiries directed to chemical supplier
Classification: Eye irritation (Category 2A); Specific target organ toxicity — single exposure (Category 3, narcotic effect)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Causes serious eye irritation; May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Pictograms: Exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Avoid inhalation; Use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas; Wear appropriate eye protection; Wash thoroughly after handling
Routes of Exposure: Skin, eyes, inhalation, ingestion
Other Hazards: Repeated exposure can impact central nervous system
Component: 1,4-Butanediol
Concentration: ≥99%
Impurities: Trace amounts of related glycols possible
Molecular Weight: 90.12 g/mol
Identifiers: EINECS: 203-786-5; RTECS: EK4850000
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately; administer oxygen if breathing is labored; seek medical help without delay
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; rinse skin under running water; wash thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 minutes; consult healthcare provider for persistent irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue flushing; get medical help right away
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting unless medical advice directs it; seek emergency medical assistance
Symptoms: Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, confusion, respiratory distress, nausea
Advice for Medical Personnel: Treat symptomatically; monitor neurologic and respiratory function closely
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Media: Direct water jet can spread burning liquid
Specific Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air; containers may rupture under fire conditions; burns to produce carbon oxides
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Fire Fighting Instructions: Keep containers cool with water spray; evacuate area and fight fire from safe distance
Advice: Control runoff to prevent entry into water supplies
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel; avoid breathing vapors; ventilate area
Protective Equipment: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, splash goggles, and respirator
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from reaching drains, soil, waterways; alert local authorities if uncontrolled spill
Cleanup Methods: Absorb with inert material (sand, earth, vermiculite); collect for disposal in chemical waste container; wash spill site after material pickup
Large Spill Response: Contain spill, isolate area, prevent movement of liquid, secure emergency assistance
Safe Handling: Avoid breathing vapors and contact with skin, eyes; use only with adequate ventilation; keep away from sources of heat and ignition
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after handling; never eat, drink, or smoke during use
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed containers; keep in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases
Specific Considerations: Containers remain hazardous even when empty due to residue
Exposure Limits: No OSHA PEL; ACGIH TLV not established; company recommendations based on best practices
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, process enclosures, general dilution to maintain airborne levels below exposure guidelines
Eye Protection: Chemical splash goggles, face shield for splash risk
Skin Protection: Protective gloves (nitrile or chemical-resistant material), lab coat, apron, long sleeves
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved respirator for high vapor or aerosol concentrations
Personal Hygiene: Immediate washing after accidental contact; no contact lenses during handling
Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid
Odor: Mild, musty
Boiling Point: 230°C (446°F)
Melting Point: 20.1°C (68.2°F)
Flash Point: 121°C (250°F) (closed cup)
Auto-ignition Temperature: 370°C (698°F)
Flammable Limits: Lower: 1.8%, Upper: 14.3% (by volume in air)
Vapor Pressure: 0.01 mmHg at 20°C
Density: 1.017 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Readily soluble in water and most common organic solvents
Viscosity: 68.2 mPa·s at 25°C
pH: Neutral (in aqueous solution)
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended transport or storage conditions
Reactivity: May react vigorously with oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides
Conditions to Avoid: Excess heat, sparks, open flame, strong oxidants
Hazardous Decomposition: Forms carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide under fire
Polymerization: Not prone to dangerous polymerization
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 1,520 mg/kg; may cause intoxication comparable to ethanol/methanol
Inhalation: Central nervous system depression, headache, drowsiness, respiratory irritation
Skin Absorption: Harmful; can be absorbed rapidly; repeated exposure leads to dryness and irritation
Eye Contact: Irritation, redness, possible corneal injury
Chronic Exposure: Prolonged skin contact inflames and damages tissue; repeated high doses linked to liver and kidney effects in animal studies
Sensitization: Not known to cause allergic skin or respiratory response
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Other Information: May depress central nervous system; symptoms similar to alcohol poisoning
Environmental Fate: Readily biodegradable in soil and water
Aquatic Toxicity: Low to moderate; LC50 (fish, 96 hr): ~4,130 mg/L
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low
Mobility in Soil: High; leaches to groundwater
Other Ecological Effects: Large spills can lower oxygen in water, harm aquatic life indirectly
Degradation Products: Breaks down mainly by microbial action to simple substances
Waste Disposal: Dispose in accordance with local, state, federal regulations; use licensed contractor for large quantities
Incineration: Preferred method, use properly permitted facility
Contaminated Packaging: Triple-rinse containers; deliver to approved waste disposal plant
Unused Product: Confirm acceptability for landfill or sewer disposal with local environmental authority first
UN Number: UN 2810
Proper Shipping Name: Toxic liquid, organic, n.o.s. (contains 1,4-Butanediol)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III
Labels: Toxic
Marine Pollutant: Not designated
Special Precautions: Follow all applicable transport and hazard communication regulations
TSCA: Listed
DSL/NDSL (Canada): Listed
REACH (EU): Registered
SARA Title III: Not listed as extremely hazardous; not subject to Section 313 reporting
OSHA: Regulated as hazardous chemical
EINECS/ELINCS: 203-786-5
WHMIS (Canada): Classification D2B (Toxic material causing other toxic effects)
Other Regulatory Info: User responsible for compliance with local regulations regarding storage, handling, and disposal; relevant restrictions may apply for some applications
